Author name: Jessica Quach

Validation to Confirm Threats Result from Hydrogen Service This Task 7 report was prepared by Kiefner and Associates, Inc. (Kiefner) as part of the research project titled “Investigate Damage Mechanisms for Hydrogen (H2) and Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends to Determine Inspection Intervals for In-Line Inspection (ILI) Tools” for the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Pipeline and

Evaluation of Analyses for Hydrogen Relevant Threats This report was prepared by Kiefner and Associates, Inc. (Kiefner) as part of the research project titled “Investigate Damage Mechanisms for Hydrogen and Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends to Determine Inspection Intervals for In-Line Inspection Tools” for the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA),

Evaluation of Analyses for Different Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends Hydrogen (H2) gas concentrations between 1 and 20% are most proposed for blending, and such concentrations have been used in pilot projects worldwide. The pipeline industry is also interested in higher concentrations. H2 blending is a complex challenge involving social, economic, and technical considerations. Various research organizations,

Changes to Integrity Management Reinspection Intervals for Pipelines in Hydrogen Service This Task 4 report was developed by Kiefner and Associates, Inc. (Kiefner) for the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) as part of the research project “Changes to Integrity Management Reinspection Intervals for Pipelines in Hydrogen Service” under

Recommended Revisions in 49 CFR 192, ASME B31.8, and ASME B31.8S This report was prepared by Kiefner and Associates, Inc. (Kiefner) as part of the research project titled “Investigate Damage Mechanisms for Hydrogen and Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends to Determine Inspection Intervals for In-Line Inspection Tools” for the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Pipeline and Hazardous

Review of ASME B31.8S on Reinspection Intervals for Pipelines Carrying Hydrogen or Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends The objective of Task 2 was to review ASME B31.8S-2018 Table 5.6.1‑1 (Integrity Assessment Intervals) and other risk assessment tools and propose a technically sound basis for determining Predicted Failure Pressure (Pf) and Reinspection Interval (RI) for pipelines carrying hydrogen or hydrogen-blended

Literature Review on Reinspection for Pipelines Carrying Hydrogen or Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends This literature review critically examined the methodologies currently employed in the U.S., Europe, and other countries, to determine in-line inspection (ILI) reinspection intervals for transmission pipelines containing hydrogen gas or natural gas/hydrogen blends. An in-depth comparison and discussion about Codes and Standards was